C-Section vs. Natural Birth: What Expectant Moms Need to Know

The number of births via cesarean section has steadily increased over the past 20 years, with about 1 out of every 3 U.S. babies born via C-section today, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

While C-sections are sometimes necessary to save lives, many pregnant people are opting to schedule them when they aren’t medically necessary, says the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.

“While C-sections can prevent injury and even death to those with high-risk pregnancies and their babies, they are also linked to increased risk of complications like blood clotting and infections,” says Ob/Gyn Rebecca Starck, MD. “Do not put yourself or your baby in an unnecessary, dangerous position by opting for a C-section when you don’t need one.”

The rapidly rising rate of C-sections among low-risk births has sparked the Department of Health and Human Services to set a national goal of reducing the number of C-sections among low-risk pregnant people with no prior births by 23.6% over the next year. This figure does not include C-sections that are medically necessary for the health of the mother or the baby.

The risks of a C-section for mom and baby

Going through labor and having a vaginal birth can be a long process that can be physically taxing for the mother. “But C-sections come with risks for the mother, including risks from anesthesia, blood loss, infection, a longer recovery period and potential for a higher risk of postpartum depression,” says Dr. Starck.

There also are potential risks for a baby born via C-section.

“Babies undergo a process during a vaginal birth that readies their lungs, which are filled with fluid in the uterus, to breathe oxygen after birth,” Dr. Starck says. Babies born via C-section can have respiratory issues with extra fluid in their lungs at birth because they don’t have the chance to undergo this process.

“Babies born vaginally also receive a dose of good bacteria as they travel through the birth canal,” Dr. Starck says. This may boost the baby’s immune system and protect the intestinal tract.

Other benefits of vaginal birth include:

• Faster recovery time for the mother.
• Less risk of complication for future births.
• Higher rate of successful breastfeeding.

If you’ve had a C-section once, should you again?

You might assume that because your first baby was born via C-section that all of your children will have to be born this way. “Many worry that the scars from the C-section will open with a subsequent pregnancy,” Dr. Starck says.

“In fact, the likelihood of the uterus scar splitting open is a very low risk. There’s generally less than a 1% chance of that happening,” Dr. Starck says. “We encourage most expectant mothers to consider and try a vaginal birth after a C-section.”

A healthy baby is the goal

In the end, the decision around a vaginal birth or a C-section should focus on delivering a healthy baby, Dr. Starck says.

“We want to support a healthy delivery and a healthy baby,” she says. “Sometimes there is a medical reason that a delivery doesn’t end up as a vaginal birth to keep either the mother or the baby safe. But to decide on a C-section for a non-medical reason may not be in the best interest of the mom or her baby.”

Dr. Starck says she often reminds her patients that while the unpredictability of labor can seem frightening, it’s really just the first step in learning about the unpredictability of being a parent.